Description

One of the easiest ways to categorize prosthetic knees is by the number of axes or centres of rotation that the unit has. Prosthetists generally divide knees into two groups; those which have a single pivot and those with multiple pivot points.

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The monocentric type of knee works as a simple hinge with one part of the knee rotating about the other using a shared pivot point.

Advantages

• May feature mechanical, pneumatic or hydraulic control.
• Lightweight – generally lighter than comparable polycentric knees.
• Can be made smaller than similar polycentric knees.
• Durable & robust – mechanical versions have fewer moving parts due to their simplicity.
• Mechanical versions are relatively inexpensive.
• May offer stance control, which assists the user to maintain stability when standing.
• Sometimes features a manual lock to compensate for lack of stance control.
• Mechanical units use constant friction to regulate the swing speed of the shin section.

Disadvantages

• Constant friction design does not adapt to different walking speeds.
• Distance from center of rotation to toe is fixed during swing phase; this increases the risk of stumbling.
• Bending action does not match the anatomical knee.
• No geometric lock.
• May lack stance control, which means that the user must use muscle power to remain stable when standing.
• Mechanical stance control may be unreliable.
• May become noisy when wearing.
• May result in thigh length inequality when used with a very long residual limb.
• Become less stable as they wear.
• Amount of flexion is not as great as polycentric knees.
• Higher wear coefficient for full length cosmetic covers.

Single Axis Knee Prosthesis

A single axis knee prosthesis, also known as a uniaxial knee prosthesis, is a type of artificial knee joint that is designed to replicate the movement of a natural knee. It is typically used in patients who have lost function in their natural knee due to injury or disease, such as osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis.

The single axis knee prosthesis is designed to allow for flexion and extension of the knee joint, but does not allow for lateral or rotational movement. It is generally considered a more basic and less expensive option compared to more complex knee prostheses, such as those that allow for multiple degrees of freedom.

Single axis knee prostheses are typically made of metal or plastic materials, and are held in place with a combination of bone cement and screws. They are generally used in patients who do not have significant functional demands on their knee, or who may not be good candidates for more complex prostheses due to medical conditions or other factors.

Advantages of Single Axis Knee Prosthesis

1. Simplicity: Single axis knee prostheses are generally simpler and less expensive than more complex knee prostheses that allow for multiple degrees of freedom.

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2. Reliability: Single axis knee prostheses have fewer moving parts, which can make them more reliable and less prone to mechanical failure.

3. Ease of use: Single axis knee prostheses may be easier to use for some patients, particularly those who are not accustomed to using more complex prostheses or who have limited mobility in their lower extremities.

4. Low maintenance: Single axis knee prostheses generally require less maintenance than more complex prostheses, as they have fewer moving parts that may need to be adjusted or replaced.

5. Suitable for certain patient populations: Single axis knee prostheses may be a good option for patients who do not have significant functional demands on their knee, or who may not be good candidates for more complex prostheses due to medical conditions or other factors.

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