A knuckle joint is a mechanical or pin joint that connects two cylindrical rods under tensile load. In this article, we will study the Definition, Parts or Assembly, Functions, Material, Application, Advantages, and Disadvantages of the Knuckle Joint in detail.
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Now let’s start our topic with the definition first,
A knuckle Joint is a mechanical component that is used to join the two components under tensile loads. It is also known as the Forked pin joint. For example Tractor and trolley. The trolley is being attached to the tractor with the help of a knuckle joint.
In other words, we can say this joint is used When there is a requirement small amount of flexibility or angular movement.
Now coming to parts and assembly.
It consist of following Parts:
It is used to connect two rods in which one is a single eye and the second one is a double eye or fork. The single eye has one hole which is inserted into double eye or fork and the fork has two holes in which knuckle pin will insert.
The Knuckle Pin is used to hold and grip the single eye and double eye end together.
In the knuckle pin at the bottom, there is a hole for the taper pin and There is one more component name is a collar. The collar has two holes to insert taper pin.
The collar hole and knuckle Pinhole are being matched.
For gripping purposes wow we bring all the holes in such a way that hole of the knuckle pin coincides with the holes of the collar and The tapper pin is inserted in the collar hole through the hole of the knuckle pin.
This way knuckle joint is formed and the joint is being secured.
The following design procedure of Knuckle Joint are:
Material selection plays a vital role in designing knuckle joints. As per the need, we choose different types of material which are having low carbon steel. The Aluminum material prefers for 50KN because it has good FOS. But in advance, the ceramic material is being used who can withstand the stress developed in that zone.
The properties of material we select is between C-15 to C-45.
While designing any object we must consider factor of safety. Factor of safety is the ratio of maximum stress to the working stress. The more factor of safety the less chances of breaking. Example if load is 50KN then we have to design who can resist the load up to 60 to 70 KN or more.
Permissible stress is Maximum principal stress or shear stress.
Note down the proper dimension and calculates stress and It is subjected to a direct tensile stress ς = P / π d2.
The following dimension of Knuckle Joint are:
1. Calculating Diameter of the rod:
Consider the rod is subjected to a direct tensile stress ς = P / π d2 From this equation we can find the value of d.
2. Design of Pin (dp)
(a) Consider the failure of the pin under double shear due to tensile force. Therefore, direct shear stress induced in knuckle pin is given by Equation
ς = P / 2A = (P/2) / (π/4) dp2 = 2P / π dp2
Here, we check the pin in bending and find the value of dp
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Now,
The above screenshot is from wikipedia.
Video Explanation:
The following materials used for manufacturing of Knuckle Joint:
The material we use for this joint is Aluminum because it has the highest factor of safety for 50KN. But The recent study shows that composite material would be a very good option to make for better efficiency. Using composite material (mixture of two or more metals) there are chances of increasing the shear stress.
The following application of Knuckle Joints are:
The following advantages of Knuckle Joint are:
It has some disadvantages too and those are:
When knuckle joint failures occur it can cause big accidents. To overcome this accident it is necessary to design and withstand tension without failure.
Some of the failures are:
A screwed joint is when two or more components are joined with screws or bolts, securing them together through pre-drilled or threaded holes. The screwed joints are widely used where the machine parts are required to be readily connected or disconnected without damaging to the machine or the fastening.
1. Screwed joints are highly reliable in operation.
2. Screwed joints are convenient to assemble and disassemble.
3. A wide range of screwed joints may be adopted to various operating conditions.
4. Screws are relatively cheap to produce due to standardisation and highly efficient manufacturing processes.
The main disadvantage of the screwed joints is the stress concentration in the threaded portions which are vulnerable points under variable load conditions.
1. Internal stresses due to screwing up forces,
2. Stresses due to external forces, and
3. Stress due to combination of stresses at (1) and (2).
1. Tensile stress due to stretching of bolt,
2. Torsional shear stress caused by the frictional resistance of the threads during its tightening,
3. Shear stress across the threads,
4. Compression or crushing stress on threads,
5. Bending stress if the surfaces under the head or nut are not perfectly parallel to the bolt axis.
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