America's product safety agency has issued an unprecedented warning to parents: Don't give your children cheap Chinese-made metal jewelry. And if they already have some, toss it because it could contain hazardous levels of heavy metals such as lead and cadmium.
Writing in a blog posting Wednesday evening, the chairman of the Consumer Product Safety Commission noted that children who chew, suck on or swallow a bracelet charm or necklace may be endangering their health.
"I have a message for parents, grandparents and caregivers: Do not allow young children to be given or to play with cheap metal jewelry, especially when they are unsupervised," wrote Inez Tenenbaum, the chairman of the Consumer Product Safety Commission.
In making the recommendation, Tenenbaum cited an investigation by The Associated Press which reported high cadmium levels in kids' jewelry items imported from China including bracelet charms from Walmart and Claire's stores.
Lab tests conducted for the AP on 103 pieces of low-priced children's jewelry found 12 items with cadmium content above 10 percent of the total weight. Several of those shed very high amounts of the metal when analyzed for how much of the toxin a child might be exposed to after swallowing the item.
Like lead, cadmium can hinder brain development in young children, according to recent research. It also causes cancer.
"To prevent young children from possibly being exposed to lead, cadmium or any other hazardous heavy metal, take the jewelry away," Tenenbaum wrote.
While neither Tenenbaum nor an agency spokesman would outright say not to buy cheap children's jewelry, the inference was clear.
For items already in homes, "Parents should 'safely dispose' of the jewelry following state and local environmental laws, and not resell it through online auctions or to a thrift store," CPSC spokesman Scott Wolfson said.
Even during the height of product recalls from China several years ago — when millions of items of jewelry or painted toys with high lead levels were taken off store shelves — the CPSC did not issue such a public warning. Under the administration of President Barack Obama, and with Tenenbaum replacing commissioner Nancy Nord atop the agency, the CPSC is projecting a much more aggressive image.
China has not commented on reports of the cadmium problem.
"If this is really the situation, then I believe the relevant authority will probe into the matter. We attach great importance to the security to our products, in particular our exported products," Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Jiang Yu said Thursday.
Calls to the Gems and Jewelry Trade Association of China were not answered Thursday. An official from the China Toy Association said the group was considering whether to respond to a request for a comment. Both are government-affiliated trade associations.
No one answered numerous telephone calls to the Administration of Quality Supervision Inspection and Quarantine, which enforces product quality standards. Calls to the National Technical Committee of Jewelry Standards were also not answered.
Although it did not carry the force of law, the announcement Wednesday was far bigger than a recall in scope: Instead of going after one particular item, the CPSC targeted an entire industry.
In a written statement, an attorney representing the Fashion Jewelry Trade Association said the organization's members "have worked diligently over the past 18 months to comply with new lead standards and other new safety regulations" that were part of major legislation passed in 2008.
"Safety is our No. 1 concern and our members manufacture safe products," attorney Sheila A. Millar wrote. "We are continuing to investigate and are in contact with CPSC and retail customers."
While the CPSC's focus has been on children's jewelry — defined by law as for those 12 and under — testing reviewed by AP apart from its original investigation showed that some adult jewelry also can contain high levels of cadmium. None of the CPSC statements Wednesday addressed safety concerns about adult jewelry.
Other reaction has been swift and sweeping.
Within hours of the release of AP's original story Sunday, the CPSC said it would investigate the highlighted items, among them charms that contained between 84 and 91 percent cadmium. Wal-Mart Stores Inc. and Claire's, an international accessories and jewelry chain with nearly 3,000 stores in North America and Europe, have since pulled items cited in the report from shelves. Wal-Mart had no comment Wednesday about Tenenbaum's advice; a spokesman for Claire's did not return a call and e-mail seeking comment.
On Wednesday, a senior U.S. senator, Democrat Charles E. Schumer, unveiled legislation to ban cadmium and two other heavy metals from children's jewelry and toys.
Dear Neil,
thanks for the links, I have read the articles and now tell how the
analysis has been done on the headlined samples and other tests used
by various agencies.
I do not dispute the lab test carried out on the 103 samples quoted
are correct and relevant. I do worry more about the portable XRF and
acid dissolution field tests as they will give very unreliable
results uless the samples are prepared properly and this isnt the
case for the quoted examples. Years ago i worked with the world
experts on pathways for heavy metal from the environment into people
and the acid tests were originally done to look at arsenic absorbtion
in a population of school children near a mine dump in Canada. The
results of analysis on the leachate and the residue were the exact
opposite of what was expected, there was no take up of As by the
body. Diet plays a part in heavy metal absorbtion, a high dairy
intake stops the take up of lead, cadmium and other metals as these
normally replace calcium in the body. The portable XRF equipment
gives a spectrum of the elements present in the top few layers of
atoms in the surface of the sample and the data needs correcting to
take into account atomic mass and hence electron and X-ray energy.
This is normally performed by the software and then you can further
correct to atom % to calculate the likey number of cations available
for reaction. If a sample id plated it will give an analysis of the
plating rather than the bulk of the material. It does appear as
though the papers have not placed a caveat on the methodology or
results as this would remove some of the sensationalism from the
article. Zinc does not alloy easily with many metals so it is
unlikely that Cd will be found as an alloying component in Zn
findings.
I would not like to buy jewellery findings with a Cd content [other
than a flash plating that is then plated over] becasue it is very
toxic so any result that shows its use in jewellery is always
worrying. The same applies to nickel and there is no ban on coinage
yet, which can contain 25-100% nickel. There again, Cd is used in
gold solder, particularly in automated manufacture of chain etc.
There is always a story behind the headline so lobby for control of
hazardous substances but from an informed position rather than a
newspaper’s/politician’s kneejerk.